My flowerhorn fish is gasping for air, high nitrates. What do I do?

Thanks for reaching out about Nemo. Have you tested water quality for pH, ammonia, nitrites and nitrates? Having difficulty breathing is a common cause for raising to the surface to breath. Gills can be damaged by poor water quality, disease (parasites, bacteria, viruses), toxins and more, so determining a diagnosis will help with a treatment plan. A veterinary visit is recommended to assess and provide a diagnostic/treatment plan. Correct water quality, provide more oxygen via an airstone. Good luck.

The best and safest method is through daily partial water changes, about 30-40% of total tank volume. Use only aged or conditioned water that is temperature matched to prevent stress or shock. Recommended water conditioners are AmQuel, NovAqua and StressCoat. These can be purchased online or in most pet stores or fish stores. A home test kit should be used to monitor levels. If a tank is properly cycled, beneficial bacteria will break down these toxins. Overfeeding, excessive light or heat and dead plants can cause spikes in ammonia and nitrite levels.

Maintain pristine water quality via filtration and daily partial water changes. That is the foundation for recovery. Drop the water temp gradually to about 75-76 F. The organism responsible for the infection thrives at temps in the low to mid 80s F. Use a broad spectrum antibiotic containing metronidazole. A Maracyn/Maracyn 2 combo may also help. Choose one treatment or the other. Find these products in the Aquarium section of the local pet store. Follow the label directions carefully and remove the carbon filter insert during treatment. Add an air stone or to to increase oxygenation.

Thanks for reaching out about Nemo and including photos. There is no evidence of Ich in the photos. Have you tested water quality for pH, ammonia, nitrites and nitrates? Correct problems. If having difficulty breathing (slow gill rate) add an air stone. A veterinary visit is recommended to assess and provide a diagnostic/treatment plan. Good luck.

The addition of live prey may have introduced parasites into your aquarium. It is also possible it was pre existing and an unknown stressor may have triggered active infection. Regardless, now you have to treat. Check water quality first. Poor water quality is a major cause of illness and it can also complicate any condition. Test a sample at home with a kit or submit a sample for testing. Most pet stores or aquarists will do this for free or for a nominal fee. Ammonia and nitrites should be 0 ppm (parts per million). Nitrates should be 40 ppm or less but for HITH, try for 10ppm or less. Perform partial water changes using aged or conditioned water that is temperature and pH matched to prevent shock and further stress until water parameters are acceptable. Metronidazole is the treatment of choice for HITH. It will kill Hexamita which is the parasite associated with HITH. You can purchase metronidazole for tanks online or in the aquarium section of most pet stores. Follow label directions carefully. Remove the charcoal from the filter during treatment. A broad spectrum antibiotic should also be used to prevent secondary infection. If you have other fish in the tank, monitor them for similar symptoms. A proper diet is also critical. A vitamin and mineral deficiency may predispose a fish to this condition. Use a fortified pelleted diet. You can soak food in garlic juice (or GarlicGuard by SeaChem) to boost the immune system and stimulate the appetite.

Check water chemistry first. Use a home test kit or submit a water sample for testing. The local Petco may do this for free or for a small fee. Aim for an absence ( 0 ppm) of ammonia and nitrites with nitrates at 20 ppm or less. Perform partial water changes, no more than 30% at a time, to stabilize chemistry and/or to improve water quality. Use only conditioned water that is temperature matched to prevent stress or shock. Check water temp as well. Any of these can drive a fish to the surface. The "flashing" (darting about) can be due to infection (bacterial, fungal or parasites). Consider a broad spectrum antibiotic or an "all in one" product to treat multiple infections. Look in the Aquarium section of the local Petco for options. Follow label directions carefully and remove the carbon filter insert during treatment if indicated.

This is a quite generic but concerning presentation. Begin by submitting a water sample for quality testing. Most pet stores will do this for free or a nominal fee. Clinical examination should always include a water quality check, even if you have done so already. Water testing should be performed with a quality test kit, measuring NH4, NO2 and NO3. High ammonia levels, PH imbalances may be responsible for these signs. Oxygen concentration and quality of the filters should be determined as well. If water quality is good and there are no major imbalances, your fish should get examined to look for any sign of bacterial/fungal infection and eventually water should be treated. Hope this answer was helpful, but please do not hesitate to contact us again on the forum or by requesting a consultation if you have any more questions or to discuss it any further. If this answer was helpful please let us know, this will be used to improve our service!