What are the causes of dog liver failure and its early warning signs?

A dog with liver disease may show very little signs but often they can be due and go off food. Sometimes they are sick and lose weight. In later stages the dogs gums and eyes can look yellow. Vets can run bloods to check liver function and perform ultrasound scans to look at the size and shape of the liver.

I'm very sorry to hear this. Unfortunately, liver disease is very complex. We notice elevation of the liver enzymes on the blood testing but that does not tell us why the liver is sick - only that it is sick. Multiple tests need to be done and even then, sometimes we can't figure it out. This happens in human medicine too. There are just some cases that are difficult. A liver ultrasound to look at the liver and gall bladder along with a biopsy should be done to look at the liver tissue. That would probably give you the most definitive answer if that has not already been done. ( https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/liver-disease---testing )

I would strongly recommend to have his bile acids ran to see if his liver is functioning properly. I would also recommend to have an abdominal ultrasound with possibly liver biopsies by an experience ultrasonographer or radiologist so you can find out more information about his liver. This could be due to a toxin that you are unaware of, copper storage disease, cancer, a bacterial infection or something else. I think more diagnostics need to be done to determine the cause and therefore the best treatment for him. I hope this helps!

Getting down to the cause of the liver failure is important for treatment. I would be concerned about the lumps and irregular breathing pattern. Chest x-rays would be helpful to determine if there is an abnormality with the heart or lungs or enlarged lymph nodes within the chest. The lumps could indicate cancer, either primary or secondary to another location. The liver is a common site of cancer or metastatic cancer. I would recommend talking to your vet about a liver biopsy or biopsying the masses to determine if they are cancerous. Antibiotics and steroids can help with infections of the liver or an inflamed liver, but if there was poor response then these are unlikely the causes of the elevated liver values. Denamarin is a supplement that contains antioxidants to protect the liver; it does not treat liver failure.

It is all dependent on the cause of the liver failure. Is the liver failure due to a primary tumor or other cause? Prognosis varies from pet to pet. Whether it is cirrhosis of the liver or a tumor causing the problem, the prognosis can be days to years depending on how severe it is. What I would recommend is further testing to help determine if there is a primary cause. You can drain his abdomen periodically to make him comfortable. If there is a liver mass, some liver tumors can be removed surgically by removing the affected liver lobe. Not that long ago, I removed a large tumor on a friend's dog that was causing fluid in the abdomen and also the mass / cyst contained approximately 750ml of fluid! The dog is doing great and the prognosis is very good as the tumor was benign. Some outcomes are favorable and others are unfavorable. It would be best to seek further testing to help get a better grasp on what the prognosis will be for his dog. I hope this helps! Please let me know if you have any other questions / concerns and I would be happy to help you further.

Hi Fonda. I'm sorry Bowser isn't doing well. Liver disease can show a variety of symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, jaundice, blood clotting problems, and fluid in the abdomen. Hopefully the medication and food helps, but if you see any of those signs, have him seen by a vet immediately.

Thanks for using Petco Pet Education Center, formerly Petcoach! The liver function tests commonly available in a routine chemistry panel are glucose, albumin, cholesterol and BUN. A more specific, though separate test of liver function is bile acids which is the gold standard as far as liver function goes. Good luck!