Am I feeding my fish and changing water enough for a healthy tank?

How frequently to change the filter depends on what type of filter you have. There are mesh filters that filter large particles of uneaten food, feces, etc. - these often just need to be rinsed to remove the material and that is it. If they get damaged in any way, that is when they need to be replaced. Other filters that remove toxins - often carbon filters or ammonia filters, have a set time frame that they should be changed with. This time frame is often set by the manufacturer, and usually ranges between 1-3 months, but you can look at the package or talk to the pet store where you purchased it for more guidance. The biological filter, which is made up of a surface for bacteria to live on, usually don’t need a great deal of cleaning as you can kill all of the good bacteria. I hope that helps to answer your question - if you need further assistance, I would recommend a store with fish experience, or we can do a consultation together here as well! Good luck!

Both species are excellent "beginner" fish and quite easy to care for. Your 20 gallon tank is a good size for about 6 to 8 fish of this species. 10 would be close to overcrowding the tank. Once your tank is properly cycled, you can add your fish. They are omnivorous and will readily eat flake, pellets, freeze dried and live foods. Chemistry should be monitored regularly and kept as follows: ammonia 0ppm, nitrites 0ppm, nitrates 20ppm or less, pH about 7, water temperature between 76 F and 78 F. Provide moderate cover (hiding places). These fish are live bearers, so if you have male and female then expect fry (baby fish) at some point. If not separated, fry will likely be eaten by adults.

Before you buy any fish, you will need to set up the tank. A basic set up includes: a tank, filter, hood/light, heater, gravel and some decor. The tank should run without fish for at least 4 to 6 weeks. This gives it time to cycle. The Nitrogen Cycle is critical to the health of the tank and any fish you will be keeping. During this time, beneficial bacterial will populate the filter and substrate (gravel). These bacteria will be responsible for breaking down fish wastes and other wastes (uneaten food, dead plants, etc.). You will need a home test kit to monitor water chemistry (ammonia, nitrites, nitrates, pH) or you will have to submit water samples for testing. Most pet stores will do this for free or for a small fee. At first, you will see high levels of ammonia and nitrites. Over time, as bacteria grow, these levels will drop. When ammonia and nitrites are at 0 ppm and nitrates are below 20 ppm, you can consider adding fish. Regular (every 1 or 2 weeks) partial water changes as well as filter changes will be needed to maintain stable water chemistry and adequate water quality. The size of your tank will determine what fish and how many you will be able to keep. Most Tetras do best in groups, so a 12 inch tank may not be large enough. There are several article in the Petco Pet Education Center, formerly Petcoach Library that will provide more detailed information. Click on "Educational Center" at the top of the page, then scroll down to "Articles" and click. Use the Search Bar to find articles regarding aquarium set up and fish keeping.

The small size will limit the species of fish as well as the number. White Cloud Minnows or Guppies would do fine in a small tank. You could keep no more than 2 or 3 fish total. If you are looking for company for your Betta, the same species can be kept. Other options include Otocinclus (Otos), Corys, Platys or Harlequin Rasboras. Again, no more than one or two in addition to the Betta. Water changes for any tank are simple. Change no more than 30% total volume at a time. Use a water conditioner to remove harmful chemicals and make sure the water is temperature matched to prevent stress or shock. Rinse the filter in tank water, not tap water, to preserve beneficial bacteria. Vacuum the substrate every couple of weeks.

If your nitrites are spiking then I. would do a 10% water change weekly until it stabilizes. It sounds like you are testing and doing the right things. I am cycling a tank right now too- it is a little stressful! Best of luck and enjoy it!

Hello there. Thank you for using PetCoach. The short answer is 2-4 times per day. I think this article will answer your question more in-depth. If after reading this you have more questions then please feel free to post again. Hope this helps! https://pets.thenest.com/feed-neon-tetras-4038.html

The frequency of water changes depends on how many fish you have in the tank with your betta, how large the tank is (i.e. how many gallons it is), how often you are feeding (more frequent feedings often results in more wasted food and more poop, so it can dirty the tank more quickly), and if you have any live plants present. The amount of salt that is needed also depends on whether you are adding salt just for maintenance or if you are treating your fish for stress or disease. My advice would be to get all of this information and contact your local pet store or aquarium store as they can then help to guide you on these specifics. Alternatively, you can gather all of this information and I can also do a consultation with you as well, whichever is easiest/most convenient for you.